Math & trig functions
The 84 math & trig functions in Sheets, with the usual names, arguments and results.
| Function | What it does | Syntax |
|---|---|---|
| ABS | Absolute value | ABS(value) |
| ACOS | Arccosine, in radians | ACOS(number) |
| ACOSH | Inverse hyperbolic cosine | ACOSH(number) |
| ACOT | Arccotangent, in radians | ACOT(number) |
| ACOTH | Inverse hyperbolic cotangent | ACOTH(number) |
| AGGREGATE | Aggregate that can skip error values | AGGREGATE(function_num, options, ref1, [ref2, ...]) |
| ARABIC | Roman numerals as a number | ARABIC(text) |
| ASIN | Arcsine, in radians | ASIN(number) |
| ASINH | Inverse hyperbolic sine | ASINH(number) |
| ATAN | Arctangent, in radians | ATAN(number) |
| ATAN2 | Arctangent of x- and y-coordinates | ATAN2(x_num, y_num) |
| ATANH | Inverse hyperbolic tangent | ATANH(number) |
| BASE | Number as text in a base (radix) | BASE(number, radix, [min_length]) |
| CEILING | Round up to a multiple | CEILING(number, [significance]) |
| CEILING.MATH | Round up to a multiple | CEILING.MATH(number, [significance], [mode]) |
| CEILING.PRECISE | Round up to a multiple, whatever the sign | CEILING.PRECISE(number, [significance]) |
| COMBIN | Number of combinations | COMBIN(number, number_chosen) |
| COMBINA | Combinations with repetitions | COMBINA(number, number_chosen) |
| COS | Cosine of an angle in radians | COS(number) |
| COSH | Hyperbolic cosine | COSH(number) |
| COT | Cotangent of an angle in radians | COT(number) |
| COTH | Hyperbolic cotangent | COTH(number) |
| CSC | Cosecant of an angle in radians | CSC(number) |
| CSCH | Hyperbolic cosecant | CSCH(number) |
| DECIMAL | Text in a base (radix) as a number | DECIMAL(text, radix) |
| DEGREES | Radians to degrees | DEGREES(angle) |
| EVEN | Round away from zero to an even integer | EVEN(number) |
| EXP | Euler's number e raised to a power | EXP(number) |
| FACT | Factorial | FACT(number) |
| FACTDOUBLE | Double factorial | FACTDOUBLE(number) |
| FLOOR | Round down to a multiple | FLOOR(number, [significance]) |
| FLOOR.MATH | Round down to a multiple | FLOOR.MATH(number, [significance], [mode]) |
| FLOOR.PRECISE | Round down to a multiple, whatever the sign | FLOOR.PRECISE(number, [significance]) |
| GCD | Greatest common divisor | GCD(number1, [number2, ...]) |
| INT | Round down to an integer | INT(value) |
| ISO.CEILING | Round up to a multiple, whatever the sign | ISO.CEILING(number, [significance]) |
| LCM | Least common multiple | LCM(number1, [number2, ...]) |
| LN | Natural logarithm | LN(number) |
| LOG | Logarithm to a base (10 by default) | LOG(number, [base]) |
| LOG10 | Base-10 logarithm | LOG10(number) |
| MDETERM | Determinant of a square matrix | MDETERM(array) |
| MINVERSE | Inverse of a square matrix | MINVERSE(array) |
| MMULT | Matrix product of two arrays | MMULT(array1, array2) |
| MOD | Remainder after division | MOD(number, divisor) |
| MROUND | Round to the nearest multiple | MROUND(number, multiple) |
| MULTINOMIAL | Multinomial coefficient | MULTINOMIAL(number1, [number2, ...]) |
| MUNIT | Identity matrix of a given size | MUNIT(dimension) |
| ODD | Round away from zero to an odd integer | ODD(number) |
| PERCENTOF | Share of a subset in the total | PERCENTOF(data_subset, data_all) |
| PERMUT | Number of permutations | PERMUT(number, number_chosen) |
| PERMUTATIONA | Permutations with repetitions | PERMUTATIONA(number, number_chosen) |
| PI | The number pi (3.14159…) | PI() |
| POWER | Base raised to a power | POWER(base, exponent) |
| PRODUCT | Product of values | PRODUCT(number1, [number2, ...]) |
| QUOTIENT | Integer part of a division | QUOTIENT(numerator, denominator) |
| RADIANS | Degrees to radians | RADIANS(angle) |
| RAND | Random number from 0 to 1 | RAND() |
| RANDARRAY | Array of random numbers | RANDARRAY([rows], [columns], [min], [max], [whole_number]) |
| RANDBETWEEN | Random integer between two numbers | RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top) |
| ROMAN | Number as Roman numerals | ROMAN(number, [form]) |
| ROUNDexample | Round to N decimals | ROUND(value, [digits]) |
| ROUNDDOWN | Round toward zero | ROUNDDOWN(value, [digits]) |
| ROUNDUP | Round away from zero | ROUNDUP(value, [digits]) |
| SEC | Secant of an angle in radians | SEC(number) |
| SECH | Hyperbolic secant | SECH(number) |
| SEQUENCE | Array of sequential numbers | SEQUENCE(rows, [columns], [start], [step]) |
| SERIESSUM | Sum of a power series | SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients) |
| SIGN | Sign of a number: 1, 0 or -1 | SIGN(number) |
| SIN | Sine of an angle in radians | SIN(number) |
| SINH | Hyperbolic sine | SINH(number) |
| SQRT | Square root | SQRT(value) |
| SQRTPI | Square root of a number times pi | SQRTPI(number) |
| SUBTOTAL | Subtotal by a numbered function (1-11) | SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, [ref2, ...]) |
| SUMexample | Sum of values | SUM(value1, [value2, ...]) |
| SUMIFexample | Sum where one criterion matches | SUMIF(range, criterion, [sum_range]) |
| SUMIFSexample | Conditional sum | SUMIFS(sum_range, range1, criterion1, ...) |
| SUMPRODUCTexample | Sum of element-wise products | SUMPRODUCT(array1, [array2, ...]) |
| SUMSQ | Sum of squares | SUMSQ(number1, [number2, ...]) |
| SUMX2MY2 | Sum of x² - y² over two arrays | SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y) |
| SUMX2PY2 | Sum of x² + y² over two arrays | SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y) |
| SUMXMY2 | Sum of (x - y)² over two arrays | SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y) |
| TAN | Tangent of an angle in radians | TAN(number) |
| TANH | Hyperbolic tangent | TANH(number) |
| TRUNC | Cut off decimals without rounding | TRUNC(number, [num_digits]) |